Tuesday, May 25, 2010

Divinity and Divining: The Fluid in our Veins.

This blog is due to a string of unusual occurrences of what could have been unlikely events. It is centred on the experience of water divining and the way it became connected with a supra-emotional unity of blood ties.

The fluid in the water veins deep in the earth and those in the blood of our veins are a result of many thousand years of assimilation and change. We can expect the two veins to be connected only through these prehistory years of change which are way beyond our daily ambits of experience or residence times of memory; it perhaps reveal themselves only through the occult.

As a result, the blog could seem to be a bit personal and provincial, but, finally, it transcends, I think, parochial interests and underscores what would seem to be beyond a sophisticated scientific analysis. It concerns the divining of water; the very medium of our existence, of our lifestyles, of the blood in our veins, the very last drops that you seek to quench your dying thirst.

It is only to be expected that the divining of water has to be traced back to shamanic times when various life-experiences of sensitive people made them associate the various twitches and itches and fever of their bodies and the response of their senses to the presence/absence of different features of different forces in their environment.

The practice of dowsing seems to rise above the present practice of science and technology, which seems now to be concerned with more humdrum approaches required, say, for selling soap and soap operas or saas-bahu TV serials or in selling cricket IPL. The cold analytic minds of scholars or experimentalists, prejudiced by their self-styled superior logic and the requirement for commercial funding dismisses things, which are beyond their training and funding possibilities; just as a shaman or a tantric would perhaps dismiss as incomplete the conclusions of the scientist with equal illogic.

It is difficult to form a "baseline against which a diviner's performance may be compared" and controlled testing (see http://www.skepdic.com/dowsing.html) of a dowser’s performance has usually been considered to be negative as compared to a geologist’s or engineer’s performance. However even the most skeptic critic like Jim Enright would write “ … there may be some dowsers who have an intuitive, subconscious understanding of underground topography that permits them to choose a better spot than just a random guess; and they may even use a dowsing rod to confirm what their subconscious tells them. Even I would, I think, be able to make a guess about better and poorer places to bore on the basis of obvious superficial landscape features: don't drill at the top of a hill; look for a gentle valley with a large potential drainage area behind it, etc.

In an article (Consciousness and Cognition 12 (2003) 684–694) on “Voluntary Involuntariness” Wegner and Erskine begin with the questions “Can we intend not to intend? Try not to try? Voluntarily behave involuntarily?” They continue in their first paragraph “The capacity of the will to cancel itself may underlie phenomena in which people experience involuntariness for actions despite external indications that the action has arisen voluntarily.” The article concludes with the sentence “Mental control of thoughts about action can influence whether thoughts occur in mind relevant to the action, and so can create significant transformations in the experience of will.

I certainly would not understand the full implication of the last sentence but I could certainly voluntarily submit myself to an involuntary understanding.

This article is about one such individual dowser. It is about an experience which I, as a “scientist” deem to be, as far as the particular diviner is concerned, beyond the logic we have learnt and the system of proof that we require.

The blog will have basically three parts, the introduction of the diviner, the “proof” of this particular diviner’s clairvoyance, and some thoughts on the success of divining in particular and the way events that are beyond the range of modern human senses can still be perceived by the way events are determined, if not controlled.

We (‘we’ would always mean hereafter Lalitha and I, in this particular case it includes our children, although our dog, Bruno, could claim the hill-house to be exclusively his) have a house on the hills behind Varve gaon near Khed Shivapur, about 35 km from Pune on the Pune Bangalore highway, NH4. The land has been named by us as Amitaboni after my mother Amita and my father Aboni. This year, 2010, marks the passing of a hundred years of my father’s birth, on 1st of May, 2010. It seemed important to me, as the only surviving son, that I mark my father’s 100th anniversary of birth to formally christen the place as Amitaboni in the presence of family members in what should have been a joyous reunion of the entire family.

This was not to be.

We also wanted to add permanence to Amitaboni as a place where future generations from Amita and Aboni would be attracted to visit, stay and relax in an atmosphere worthy of my parents.

The first requirement for this is water, we thought.
We require, above all,for the survival of trees that we plant … and for the shower and the bathtub that seems to be necessary for the modern IPL-image-fed younger generation. That requires a lot of water! The best environmentally friendly approach would have been to have harvested rain water. We did not do that.

Where do we get the water, especially in the summer months preceding the rains? High on the hill of the lonely goat-herd or lonely buffalo-herd or lonely cow-herd, there are also very lonely, dwarfed trees, stunted further by the requirements for firewood among the local inhabitants and the ever increasing migrant labour communities among displaced farmers.

The hill slopes are really barren in summer around our hill house (marked by red spot in the figure on the left of Fig 1, click to enlarge) compared to the green flat-lands around the hill. There is no sign of greenery indicative of water on these hills, which look very parched and often-times burnt in the early parts of the year.

Looking for water by sinking a bore-well here would naturally be considered to be quite foolish. The first water diviner we brought to the land, did not hesitate to reprimand us. However, this water diviner very grudgingly did find from his machine indications of half- to one-inch water (enough for daily cooking and bath, he said) at 300 feet depth.

The second water diviner was well known, more because he was the son of the divine Dharwad singer Bhimsen Joshi. The diviner (not more divine, perhaps) son divined with a copper tube and found water at roughly the same place as the first diviner, but at a convenient depth of 180 feet.

Actually, the spot they chose was the only place at which any bore-well machine could comfortably reach. There is a stream that flows down the hill (marked by a yellow line in the right of Fig 1, click to enlarge) and the only place that one could hope to strike water is at the junction of the stream and the kuccha “road” in the front of the plot.

Many professional diviners are committed to the convenience and availability of bore-well operators. They usually recommend spots which can be easily accessed by bore-well machines that are available for the day and they find water at depths for an optimized profit-loss scenario involving the operator and the client. This second diviner said that there was water that would easily be enough for bath and cooking every day (15-20 buckets, is what they actually meant). He recommended a four-and-a-half inch bore-well.

The operator was contacted, the machine came, the bore-well was drilled, water was poured into the bore-well while digging (for cooling, they said), and almost the same amount of water was recovered while boring at 180 feet. The operator announced a successful borwell. A pump was installed almost immediately and the bore-well water dried up within ten minutes of pumping.

We resisted attempts at announcing complete success of the bore-well by the purchase and installation of a pump. We counted the savings on our total financial losses and left it for another day.

We were told by our well-wishers in the bore-well trade that we should perhaps flush the bore-well again as we could always see considerable amount of water (by hearing the noise on throwing a pebble inside) at 100 feet even in summer. We decided to flush again.

We also decided to go down to 300 ft remembering the first diviner.

There was no sign of water to 260 feet and all we got was hard rock which seemed to be more than 150 feet thick. At 270 feet the rock seemed to become wet. At 280 feet the rock turned reddish and wet. At 290 feet water was gushing out. We could not proceed further because of the heavy pressure of water, (so we were told).

The bore-well was considered to be a definite success. A rope was tied to a submersible pump, a plastic tube was connected and water was pumped out the first time for more than four hours continuously. 5000 litres of water could be pumped out in a day for the next two years even in the middle of summer. We usually pumped once a week.

The success of the bore-well seemed to have got to the head of our garden help. He became a big man among his friends, became an alcoholic, did not look after our plants most of which died.
We sacked him.
One day, in revenge perhaps, he must have cut the rope that held the pump.
We could pull the pump up with the plastic pipe. We did not get to attach another rope, procrastinating to be penny-wise and pound-foolish.
There was a drought for three years.
The bore-well would give only 1000-3000 litre in summer per week eventually.
The pump got stuck in the bore-well when we thought we would get it out to clean it.
It could not be retrieved even with “expert” help. They only managed to damage the pumping system beyond repair.
The bore-well was abandoned.

We counted our losses again. It was sizeable.

The developers of our society, continued to ignore us when supplying water. Successive “garden helps” continued to play truant. My sources of funding from visits abroad after retirement had dried up. It was never much, in any case. Most of the 350 odd trees we planted had dried up. The house on the hill was less visited.

We now learn that the villagers call it “bhoot bungala”, the haunted house.

However … …

The story of the house on a hill is an important part of the continuing story of my life. It has mostly been unplanned. It is always remembered as extremely happy, especially when in retrospection mode, at imagined moments of stress. Most of this happiness must have been expressed in our genes (if you require a modern word for it) or what we have simply inherited from our forefathers, their karma and their dharma. As I had blogged before, I seem to share my father’s wish of ‘asking for sadness so that I could experience joy’.

The house looked so sad in late 2009 that we thought t was definitely time to experience more joy.

It was time to drill another bore-well … say, for the occasion of my father’s birth-centenary.
We could not find any bore-well operator in Pune. They were all busy.

There is a government geological surveyor in Pune; a Mr. V-----, who claimed to be fully scientific in his methodology for his water dowsing. He did not claim hundred per cent success, but he did claim a good reputation. Mr. V----- had surveyed for water for our housing society; he had found a spot where a car was not parked. The society drilled for water at that spot; the bore-well machine drilled till water came out of the well and then it went away. Water was pumped for half an hour or less, before the well permanently gave up.

One misses some times. Some miss many times.

We took Mr V----- to our farm house. He would charge Rs. 2000. He drove in his car with us to our farm house. He looked at the spot. Without doing any dowsing he decided that there was no harm in drilling next to the old bore-well. There would be as much chance as striking water, coming to the and diving was not necessary- He looked overhead where a power-line was hung. He decided that six-inch bore-well machine cannot drill there unless the power-line was removed. He chose a spot with his feet almost arbitrarily, where the machine could reach. He asked for and got Rs 1500 for the time spent. “I will use part of the money to influence the electricity board cable man to switch the power off when the drilling machine was operating” and he left. Mr. V----- ignored my SMS to him on how he was not being very honest about the amount of money he had taken without providing any service.

This was the beginning of the usual busy season for borewell machines. We had little success in locating another borewell operator even though we contacted many of them.

One of the more kindly bore-well operators gave me the name of an Amol who operated in the area near our farm house. We contacted Amol. He came promptly to the farm house. He saw the site of the old bore-well. He agreed that there was not likely to be any other place to drill. Amol had a six inch bore-well machine ready to drill the next day.

We had also concluded much earlier that we would strike water at the same place. Access to the land by any vehicle had been disturbed because of a a huge rainwater drain dug in front of our plot by the developers without courtesy or consent. We had spent considerable amount of money to make access to the land by a vehicle by installing two big cement pipes and covering them with soil.

Lalitha and I decided that maybe we should get a diviner before we started the drilling, just in case.

Amol said he had a “scientific” water diviner who charged Rs 3000 and he had another who divined with a lemon in his hand. The lemon man charged Rs 1800.
Amol probably got a 20% cut, I figured out.
Both have the same success rate, Amol said.
We opted for the lemon man.
Amol was not to be heard from for the next few days.

My mother had passed away on 22nd April in Pune and her ashes were immersed at the sangam of the rivers Bhima and Bhama nearby. We thought of visiting the sangam on that date, in case we did not hear from Amol.

We had hardly hit the road on 22nd April when Amol called us and said that the diviner would be at our farm house within the next hour. Can we be there?.

Taking it as a signal of my late mother’s preference we decided to go to the farm house, just for a taste of lemon divining if not anything else.
While I was figuring out the best way one would devise a method for divining for water with a lemon, and trying to remember the formula of citric acid and whether it was optically active or not --- who knows what an L- lemon would do to a D-diviner, for example ---we got a call from Amol to get some lemons.
I thought it strange since a diviner using a lemon should be carrying at least his own lemons.
What kind of lemons, I asked. Just lemons, Amol told me. Get whatever lemon.
Green or yellow? I insisted
Ripe lemons, the diviner informed Amol.

We picked up a few lemons and reached our farm house.

Amol and the diviner were sitting on our water tank at the boundary of our farm house. They have certainly stuck water, I thought. We gave them the lemons and went ahead to park the car.

By the time we had parked the car and went up to them, the water diviner was standing near the Australian accasia tree that the developer had planted to mark the boundary of our plot.

I remember him very vividly standing there. The sketch that I quickly made (Fig 2) is a rough approximation of the image I had formed.
I thought the diviner would start his divining with the lemons. I got ready with the camera to record the process of lemon-water-divining for posterity.
The diviner was standing still near the tree.
I asked him something like how he was going to start his divining. He had a stone placed near his feet. I thought he would smash the lemon with the stone and start the divining process.
He pointed with his index finger to a lemon placed between his feet.
“You will find water here at 300 feet”, he said very confidently, very matter-of-factly.
I was flabbergasted (stunned, astonished, flummoxed, swept away, surprised, rendered speechless, dumbfounded, amazed, astounded, shocked … all that Thesaurus said flummoxed could mean, even though one did not know the origin of the word).
The spot he had picked was not at all near the old bore well spot and was exactly at the centre of the two streams that marked the edges of our plot. No diviner had indicated that spot.
I did not hear anybody else say anything.
The lemon looked very golden and very snug between his bare feet.
The diviner looked apologetic and very modest and humble. “You will get two and a half inch of water in summer”. He said.
With that amount of water one can have profitable agricultural operations!
I looked at his feet more closely to see if there were any sign that indicated a recognition of water.

There was absolutely none.
I was flummoxed (stunned, stumped, baffled, bewildered, staggered, confounded, floored, as per Thesaurus)
The diviner had perfect feet. The only remarkable thing was the positioning of his two feet at nearly 45o relative to each other indicated nearly perfect health.
He looked a very simple man with no air of sophistication.
He had thick hair and features characteristic of the local people. He had a thin moustache. Indeed he had features (see inset of Fig 2) characteristic of the “king and his retinue” in Cave 10 at Ajanta (see discussion on Fig 6 of my blog on Bhuleshwar on the Hill: Interior” posted nearly a year ago). I thought he had spectacles, but Lalitha does not remember the spectacles.
Lalitha is convinced people in harmony with nature do not require artificial aids.
What more could I say?
What did you do with the lemon, I asked him.
The diviner continued in his semi/apologetic and matter-of-fact manner that this way of finding water is something he had noticed from his childhood. He had no explanation for it.
I did not look at Thesaurus to find out how I felt.

I took him to the old bore-well. He showed another spot slightly further away. This is the best spot for this region … but you will get only 5000 litres per day in summer here whereas the new spot that he had indicated would give more than double that. His estimate of the older bore-well was close to the mark when the older bore-well was new.
The diviner had no doubts … even though he was right.

The diviner’s name is Prashant Dumene. He is an Engineer by Profession.

We planned to finish drilling the bore-well by May 1 and dedicate the bore-well if it was successful to the 100th birth anniversary of my father, which was about a week later.

Amol did not see any problem with that. We fixed a date. Prashant said he would come and make the necessary propitious arrangements for the gods after we got the necessary material (coconuts, pot, camphor, kum kum, haldi, oil, wick for the lamp, incense sticks and a matchbox).

Before that the approach to the divine divined point had to be made. There was a big rainwater ditch which had to be filled. Conractors were quickly contracted, JCP machines (land excavators) were required to dig up the soil from around to do the filling and then the leveling, as per Amol’s specifications.

Getting a JCP in summer was a serious problem. Once word gets around that you are helpless, it is made sure that you are really helpless unless you pay a price for being helpless. We did that after resisting for a few exasperating days, and then working late in the night when JCP and tractors were available completing the work around midnight.

The bore-well machine was fixed for the day before my Father’s centenary.

I finished carving “Amitaboni” in Bengali on a log of wood we had bought for the purpose more than fifteen years ago.

The day came for the drilling. Lalitha came with her Sasnkrit vedic chants. I came with Tagore’s poems and a camera. We waited and waited. After much assurance we were finally informed in the evening that the machine had broken down and needed to be repaired … in three days at most.

We hoisted the Amitaboni log with a rope on the door to mark my father’s hundredth birthday and left for home.

The next few days were very exasperatingly spent on listening to the various ways a bore-well machine cannot come or cannot be repaured.

When finally the bore-well machine came to the land, the operator had one look and turned back saying that more soil had to be filled in the ditch and more soil removed from to make diviner’s spot accessible to the machine.

This required another JCP machine that we could not get no matter how hard we tried. It was getting deeper into summer and neither manual labour nor machine was available no matter how hard we tried.

My sisters were to arrive for a couple of days on 12th-14th of May specifically to celebrate the centenary at Amitaboni. Everything was in a state of disrepair at Amitaboni.

To make matters worse, we had hired painters to paint the windows and doors. They made more of a mess of things. Lalitha and I sat and scrubbed the floor, peeled old paint off the important doors and windows in front, and got them painted to our satisfaction juat on the night before my sisters were to come.

We had not yet found a JCP and Amol was yet to contact us.

We picked up our sisters from the railway station early at six a.m. on 12th morning. They had spent more than a day in the train and they surely wanted rest.

We had abandoned hopes of finishing the drilling before they left. We were quite depressed really.

On our way home from the station with our we got a call from Amol.
He had found a JCP operator on the road near our farm house!
The JCP was available only for an hour after seven in the morning. Amol’s bore-well machine was also available. We can finish drilling on that day.

We took it be an auspicious sign. We just thought of the happy coincidence that our parents’ surviving children were to be together on (at least for us) this important occasion when we will be drilling for water based on the feelings of a diviner who used a lemon!

My poor sisters could not have recovered from their strenuous trip at all. But they were game enough, encouraging enough, and curious enough to see the outcome of the lemon diviner’s divinition.

When we reached the land, it was already quite hot (it was more than 40 C in Pune that day), the sisters looked nice wearing their hats, the machine had already come (Fig 3, left) and was positioning itself at the spot marked by a crow-bar with what seems to be a gul-mohaR flower that may have been a offering from the operators to the machine (Fig 3 right, click to enlarge).

When you start digging for water based on lemon-divining one might as well go the whole way. Prashant had specified some way to do the rituals.
We got down to our worships (Fig 4, top, click to enlarge).
A coconut was broken and the pieces offered all around. Bruno was happy and grinning like what I think is the smile of a Cheshire cat.
The drilling machine was ready, with the new leaves of the silk-cotton tree and the clear blue sky dispelling all hints of dark clouds.

We waited for the machine to start.
There was a small hiccough when it started around noon. Because of the loose soil below, the 25 tonner machine expressed its discomfort by falling out of the support and tipping a bit. The positioning was done once again. By the time they finished adjusting the machine it was past 12-30 in the afternoon.

We were conscious about the inauspicious time which had to be avoided for starting any work. We had sneaked in a look at the calendar. The inauspicious time (rahu kalam) was between 11.00 and 12.30 for that day, Wednesday, 12th May 2010. My sister, Shaila, told me it was auspicious that the machine did not start because we would have started in rahu kalam otherwise. It turned out that the rahu kalam was between 12 and 13.30.

Now can we start?
It was necessary that we finish the drilling before sunset so that we can see the amount of water we struck or did not strike. We wanted to avoid our earlier experience where the operator recovered earlier water poured in ostensibly to cool the shafts. I was very tense that they would drag the process on.

The drilling started. It made a lot of noise. A lot of dust was kicked up. The first fifty feet was to be drilled to put in a casing so that loose soil would not fall in. That was standard procedure.

Considerable amount of fine, dry, smoke of white dust wafted towards us and tended to choke us. We were covered with this dust at 40oC in the afternoon. It was not the most pleasant place to sit around. We went up to the main part of the farm house to escape the dust as far as possible.

My sisters had another important work to do. This was to put up the amitaboni plaque on the front door. This they did happily (Fig 5, click to enlarge). It was to be one the happiest moments of our lives especially after the recent joint-family sundering events.
“Bliss was it at that noon to be alive … When native instinct seemed the most to assert her rights…”

Lalitha and I went back and forth monitoring the progress of the machine. They drilled the fifty feet required for the casing, and fitted the casing.

The operators would have to have lunch. That cannot be denied! They had already cooked their food. We went out for our lunch. When we came back the machine was still; the operators were sleeping under the shade of a sole tree.

It was past three thirty in the afternoon when they resumed drilling. We were nervous, of course. The operator had nineteen shafts, each of which was sixteen feet long. The drill head was about four feet long. The maximum depth he could go to was about 308 feet. The diviner had said there would be water at 300 feet. We required going down to at least 320 feet. There was one defective shaft which could be used, Amol assured me.

Nobody knows what we get where.

We had experience of the earlier bore-well. There would be loose red soil around 180 feet. There would be hard rock thereafter. The rock would soften around 260 feet. Red rock would be found at 280 feet and copious amounts of water would be struck at 290. In the previous bore-well we could not go lower than 295 feet.

We waited. The drilling was going more or less to expectations. There was considerable amount of loose, slightly wet soil between 180 and 210 feet. The dusty clouds would start thereafter.

Since loose red soil persisted to 210 feet instead of the 180 feet in the earlier bore-well, one may expect water around 290-300 feet. We would have to dig the bore-well till 320 feet. We must use the 20th shaft, I insisted with Amol.

It took about fifteen minutes for each shaft to go in and five to ten minutes to add a shaft. Water was expected to be struck around eight-thirty to nine in the evening.

It became dark at 7.00 in the evening. We had to come down as there was no electricity to light our way down from the main house. Shaila waited mainly in the car. Lalitha and Buri (Sagorika, my younger sister) would go back and forth.

We had reached the eighteenth shaft. There was no sign of water at the start of the seventeenth shaft (~ 255 feet).

Amol started his preparations for withdrawing his machine. He had spoken to Prashant the diviner, he said. The diviner had told him that if there was loose red soil and if it was followed by hard rock till 300 feet then the drilling must be abandoned. There was no point of going further. That was the depth he could go to with the number of drill bits that he had, in any case.

I refused to accept this and insisted that drilling must go on and if necessary he must bring more shafts.

Ganesh, our help, who lived in the nearby village and had newly married was sitting and watching intently. He kept assuring me that we would strike water.

At the end of the seventeenth drill (~ 270 feet), when no water was still struck, and while the gloomy pall of dry dust pervaded the atmosphere, Ganesh must have left for home.

My sister Shaila was sitting in the car with her hands folded in prayer, looking very worried.

Buri had phoned her husband, Deb, and insisted that he stand on one feet and do appropriate penance for water. Shaila had passed on the news of probable imminent failure to Nimai, her husband. Nimai was cheering from there.

Lalitha was calm as usual. Buri still looked cheerful.

I was counting till 280 feet. That would be about half way down the eighteenth shaft.

Halfway down the eighteenth shaft dry dust still came out, although the soil that came out seemed to have softened.

I still had hopes.

A little later the fine dust stopped abruptly. One of the boys who helped in cleaning up the rock material that came out, ran up to the shaft, collected some of the material that was coming out and put it in my hand. It was muddy soil.

We had struck water. I spread the mud around my family, still not sure.

By the time we finished the eighteenth drill water was flowing out in a stream. We proclaimed victory of lemon divining.

Happiness had started flowing alongside. Two ladies flashed their V signs, Japanese style, while another preferred to give a thumb’s up sign. Buri’s husband, Deb, took some credit because he had just prayed for us, as instructed. Water was flowing (Fig 6 middle) in a sufficient “torrent” for us. The last ghostly images of that night of spraying, spurting, gushing water (Fig 6, right) lingers.

In the final analysis, it is not clear what benefit we have obtained or have given from this divined water. I remember that while the drilling was on, some chameleon and diverse lizards and birds who have made amitaboni their home seemed to be reprimanding me with their looks for all the unnatural dust and noise. I did feel guilty. After all, we had no business really to wrench water out from the earth in this manner.

On the other hand, we did manage to preserve some greenery. The amount of greenery in the picture on the left of Fig 3 is quite unusually substantial for the middle of May. May be we deserved some water as a gift for our efforts over the last ten years or so.

I somehow thought of amitaboni as Bhishma when he was dying. As is his wont, Krishna had played his role (always with a hidden good behind … perhaps) in deceiving Bhishma so that Arjuna could conquer him. As Bhishma was about to fall and die Arjuna would shoot arrows to make a bed and pillow … and when Bhishma would request for water Arjuna would shoot an arrow--- he put an arrow on the ‘gandiv’ bow, powered it with ‘varunastra’, and shot it into the ground --- into the earth to make a fountain of pure water which Bhishma would relish… .

What may not be well known is that Arjuna would shoot arrows through Bhishma’s body to make his bed and through his head to make his pillow!
One could wonder that Bhishma would have felt severe pain to get his bed and his pillow. The internet does not provide me with a description of Bhishma’s agony as he fell.

On the other hand the perception of pain is dependent on the way the mind is prepared. Bhishma had chosen the time to die and pain on that day could have been ignored by him or even felt.

The internet however provides us (see http://www.enotalone.com/article/14945.html) with numerous examples piercing iron rods or tridents through cheeks, and tongues, or hanging by hooks piercing through their backs without showing any discomfort or shedding any blood. Rarely do the participants later show any sign of such piercing. I have myself witnessed and photographed such events in various parts of India.

Maybe amitaboni also did not feel the pain as the machine bored through it. The good diviner gets his permission from the gods before divining and the striking of water for quenching the land’s thirst could have been similar to Arjuna’s piercing of the earth for the water that would quench Bhishma’ thirst-

In his book of 1920 “Science and Technology. Their common aims and methods.” F. W. Westaway, writes
That some men still have the " gift " of " water-divining " is an established fact, but no water-diviner is able to explain his power ; he makes his discovery as though he were merely a conscious automaton. … The power is not, of course, supernatural but supernormal, and seems to be an instinct inherited from ancestors whose actions were guided by instinct and not by reason. The power is thus a survival of a faculty prevailing before the evolution of the self-conscious mind."
Westway would then go on to make an interesting reasoning:
Although instinctive actions are consciously performed, they are performed without necessary knowledge of the relations between the means employed and the ends attained. And they are not accompanied by any form of self-consciousness, for a self-conscious creature could reason for itself, and in consequence would be liable to error, whereas animals do not seem to be thus liable.

VoilĂ !
The more sophisticated you try to become in your reasoning, the more prone to error you are!
I think I will agree with that.
It happens most in singles matches in Table Tennis, or Tennis or badminton. When you are playing spontaneously and enjoying the game you are doing well. But as soon as you become self conscious and think you could win and plan your game, you tend to lose!

Self-conscious important people rarely leave a good lasting impression on spontaneous people.

Once a man becomes sophisticated by being self-conscious, he loses consciously, certain native instincts that he has inherited.
He adopts consciously the fashion of the moment. It is the attitude of a courtesan.
After all, sophistication implies some sort of a falsification if one looks at the way the word has evolved.
Sophism: a fallacious argument, esp. one used deliberately to deceive
Sophist: a paid teacher of philosophy and rhetoric in ancient Greece associated in popular thought with moral skepticism and specious reasoning.
A person who reasons with clever but fallacious arguments
Sophistry: the use of fallacious arguments especially with intention of deceiving
Sophisticate: cause to become less simple or straightforward through education or experience;
talk or reason in an increasingly complex and educated manner;
mislead or corrupt by sophistry (e.g., …sophisticate the understanding and defile the heart)

The point to be made is that as long as one protects one’s self or tries to endear one’s self with sophistication one loses one’s natural sensitivity and a spontaneity that allows one to note changes in one’s environment.

We evolve spontaneously and all our logic/science is a post-facto analysis. Natural events happen anyway at the natural time, with natural consequences. Engineered events, being engineered, are planned and rarely spontaneous even if we think of the motivation behind the events which has all the genes, karma, and dharma. Engineered events, the so-called triumphs of mankind, are always polluting. It is so, even when we are de-polluting.

So why shouldn’t we accept the sensitivities of the non-sophisticated? Why should we use the sophism of our religions (read advertisements) to ignore spontaneous truths from instincts inherited over several thousands of generations of evolution?

After Prashant Dumene had indicated the spot where he had divined the water and after I saw how quickly he had walked across various regions and he had hesitated at various spots, I had asked him on what considerations or feeling he divines water. Prashant had said that he feels very hot and heavy when he finds water. The lemon cools him down. That is why, I supposed, he wanted more lemons to be brought on that first diving day!

I had tried to argue with Prashant about the folds and subsidences in the hills and how one may expect to find water in the natural cracks along which rain-water would form a stream in the rainy season. Prashant said that one does not get water from a single stream. The water reservoir is not stagnant. Two running streams will have to meet and the bore is drilled at that point for getting the maximum amount of water. His ability is based on finding that running stream of underground water.

After the drilling was over and I became more curious about the divining of water, I came across a book on “The Divining Rod: An Experimental and Psychological Investigation 1926” William Barrett and Theodore Besterman write on a Mr. Tompkins about whose divining capacity in the 1920s one “cannot speak too highly …both as regards his finding water and the satisfactory way he has carried out the work”. They continued “If Tomkins had restricted himself to the practice of his art nothing but praise could be given to him, and he could be allowed to rest contentedly on the laurels he has well earned….Unfortunately Tomkins has fallen into that trap for dowsers, the attempt to explain what he does… his notions are absurd.
Mr. Barrett and Mr. Besterman were obviously from the sophisticated class.
They continued the description of Mr. Tompkins. “He believes that underground water always flows in streams; that these streams if traced far enough, converge to a “head”; and that this head is the proper place for sinking a well. His own perception of the water he ascribes to the magical “electricity”… My theory was the result of many years of careful study and practice…”
B and B quote Tomkins as saying “The moment I cross a stratum of water I feel a sort of bracing sensation, which presses up my legs, back, and shoulders, and down the arms to the twig; when I get off the water course I feel the loss of this power till I cross the water again. When I get over the exact spot the (divining) twig revolves over and over, and I am powerless to keep it still.” It is perhaps something akin to this “bracing sensation” that Prakash Dumene would feel strongly. He did not require a diving rod to amplify such sensations. B. Tompkins himself had written a book, the last edition of which is “Springs of Water” in 1925.
Where do the guiding hand of our forefathers and ancestors come in?
Was all this foreseen in their living alive days and do the continue to guide us in their “living dead” days that some would like to believe persists after their death as long as we remember them, I do not have any reason to believe that this is true. At this stage of my life I could like to believe that this should be true.

The coming and going of my father from his life is somewhat strange.
My father was very happy that he was born in the year of the Halley’s comet as he anticipated that he would go with the Halley’s comet citing his most favorite (after Wodehouse) English Author, Mark Twain ("I was born with Halley’s Comet and expect to die on its return"). His last words, as he struggled down the slopes of Garhwal before his death in the Himalayas, expressed his happiness seeing a particular rare plant before. His last thoughts (probably sadly) must have been “I am dying as I thought I would” when he passed away on 4th June 1986. Halley had returned punctually that year … probably for the last time having thought to have disintegrated in the early 1990s.

We often wondered what it was in Mark Twain, or my father, that they should trumpet their connection with Halley’s Comet, so repeatedly and so triumphantly! What indeed was the “scientific” basis for their confidence? We will never know if we are thinking of a logical rationale for it.

On searching the internet I found one J. Allen Hynek who was born on May 1 1910 (same day as my father) and died on April 27 1986 (forty days before my father in the same year). Hynek was one of the pioneers on UFO research and coined the phrase “Close Encounters of the Third Kind” (CE-III - a sighting of actual UFO occupants, i.e. aliens).

My father must have been the least sophisticated of these three who bear some facial resemblance (Fig 7, Twain, Aboni and Hynek). It would not make my father a saint. He could have been a worthy Shaman though, as he was always spontaneous.

My greatest emotions during these water diving days did not come because of the water in the veins of the earth of amitaboni. It came from the inherited feeling of the bonding blood in the veins of us remaining siblings.

We did not need to communicate with each other using the spoken word. We siblings rarely did. But all of us children of Amita and Aboni and Amita and Aboni bonded spontaneously on that divine day at amitaboni.

Monday, May 3, 2010

Just Pontification 3: Indian Power League

It should seem that any blogger or twitterer would have already expressed all that is expected to be said about the Indian Premier League of Cricket. It does not seem to have affected the way IPL is to run except for some cosmetic changes. Nor should we expect it to change.

This blog is not at all much about the IPL, although a few comments would seem to be mandatory. It is more about a meandering, probably logically non-sequitur-ed, sequence of thinking which could lead us to being indifferent to muck of any of the Indian Power League kind, in a positive way.

After all, most of the loveable things in life don’t depend on being powerful. So they say. And so I have found.

The Indian middle class fascination for the sport of cricket is so ideally suited to the physiognomy of the ever so expressive Indian face when it is faced with the opportunity of elocuting (elocution: the art of speaking clearly and well with correct enunciation) in a foreign language on anything that is profoundly trivial. This was particularly true for the longer version of the game when we had time to discuss the finer features, talking about the late cuts, and the glances, and bowling a maiden over, and the cover drives that whizzed along the ground all the way to the boundary, standing at silly point, and at short gully, and the fielders shimmering in white in the cordon of slips, and the drinks intervals, and the tea interval, and the lunch interval. Each of these intervals would see us bring out the corresponding food or drinks containers. Going to a test match was like going to a long-drawn Japanese kabuki theatre performance or a Bengali jatra, or a long drawn out katcheri at the Mambalam Gana Sabha, or listening to poets at a kavi sammelan.

The necessity for a shorter version of the cricket game was analyzed and recognized early by cricket administrators in England who were seeking to revive test and county cricket with something like the tempo of a football match. Peter Roebuck wrote “… From the outset it (forty overs cricket) was a success. Families so inclined could attend church, enjoy their traditional Sunday roast and then go to the cricket. Freewheeling types could sleep late on the Sabbath, go to a pub at noon and wander down to the ground, ready to cheer on their champions, by 2pm. For a few hours, usually dormant cricket grounds came to life, with songs and cheers and gasps and the other accoutrements of dramatic activity.”

The shorter version of the game aimed at being like a rock-concert, all hype and energy and fundamental and vacuous celebration.

In the Indian context, it is the genius of Zee TV’s and Essel Group’s Subhas Chandra that resulted in starting and financing the Indian Champions League of cricket. Subhas Chandra recognized the remarkable appeal the game had for the Indian middle class.

The ICL of Subhas Chandra was truly a private enterprise aimed at a new upwardly mobile IT class raring to let go of their cubicled energy for an expensive all frills night out, with the examples of the exuberance of the football fans all over the world. ICL was the first big effort in which real private money was invested in twenty-twenty cricket and which set up the general format for the game, including cheer leaders.

Add to this the Indian cricket fan and success could not be denied,

Needless to say, it is Pawar’s genius (read Lalit Modi’s genius?) to recognize the ICL potential and to use all their bullying skills to make it their own.

All is fair in love and war. What more love than the love for power? Ask Aurangazeb.

The death of ICL and the rise of IPL is a classic example of how political clout is so important in licensing a business by framing privileged rules in India. It is there in all aspects of achievements in all spheres of Indian life. We always attribute it to our chalta hai attitudes. We have no reason to be shocked or to protest; so scared are we and so reminded are we of losing our non-independent livelihood. We only await our turn in the next life.

The IPL in India is like all power leagues in India. It is dominated by the traditions of a caste system, which now democratically allows all castes to use the hierarchy of the caste system that is measured in terms of the size of their vote banks.

Pawar used (or was made to use) his political clout as an important partner of a definitely minority Congress government to make the erstwhile government-nominated BCCI (Board of Control for Cricket in India) an irrefutably private body. Quite cynically, the BCCI had important representative from all political parties so as not to be accountable to the public. As Chairman of BCCI Pawar got the finance minister to give tax exemptions; he manipulated fickle minded ICC (International Cricket Control) members by using Indian cricket’s financial clout; he then manipulated the rules to fix the ICL, who were denied permission for players, denied use of stadiums, and denied television coverage. Lalith Modi’s expertise in Cable distribution business and Pawar’s son-in-law’s Sony contacts saw to it that the IPL coverage promised more than ICL in revenues. ICL was systematically and maliciously choked out.

All said and done, it is perhaps true that there are no more men with bones who care to see the Pawar game for what it is ... a ruthless game for Power with a huge booty to boot.

On the other hand, as Lalit Modi’s father seemed to have said on TV something like ‘what is wrong with making a little money?’. There was a good opportunity in Rajasthan Royals as very few could invest on the teams and someone in the family invested on inside information. We have been using inside information in our business for years.

It is futile to add to the already existing literature on IPL. There is enough spin on the subject to frustrate all truth hunting.

The IPL has changed the way the average television viewer looks at his favorite programs. There are some geriatrics like us who are not really dependent on TV even on IPL nights; if only because there is so much else to love life for with the simplest and cheapest things in life.

Do we care? Yes we do. We care because we think there lurks a real danger of the exclusive and intelligent minority of being overwhelmed and marginalized irreversibly because of trivia. This is the danger of the all pervasive television media, who make idiots out of all of us.

WHAT DO SIMPLE FOLKS DO?

Its difficult for some one brought up, say,
 on a Buddhist background of Bengalis, or
 brought up by happy-go-lucky (that’s what I thought ‘gay’ meant) Roman Catholic Missionaries with their catechism and Moral Science classes, or
 brought up on the heady pre-independence days of noble motivating speeches, or
 on radio classical music programs of those days where the harmonium was banned, or
 even on PGWodehouse’s Psmith

to

look at the present Indian Television advertisement programs that are spiced up by gossip channels in the garb of “breaking news”.

EVERYBODY KNOWS THAT
SO WHAT?

Its not that one really wants to watch TV when one has so many other time-occupying things to do with one’s skills no matter how untalented one is; except that you hope that perhaps one day they will show you “Love in the Afternoon” with Gary Cooper and Audrey Hepburn …
Not because Audrey Hepburn’s charm made you fall in love with love

But because of John McGiver (on the left in Fig 1 from a scene in Breakfast at Tiffanys), one of the more harmlessly disgruntled men on screen, who played the cuckold-ed Monsieur X in the movie so well that the rest of the charms in the movie became believable because of him.

McGiver (in Breakfast at Tiffanys, Gazebo, Manchurian Candidate, etc) was the small man who made people believe in dreams so as to avoid being like him.

McGiver, loyally married and father of ten to show for it, died of a heart failure at the young age of 61.

Tendulkar would still be playing cricket at that age!? So would have Ganguly? if he did not look that culpably honest?

McGiver usually represented the totally average, totally honest man, a role most difficult to play with conviction as an actor and more so in real life…

Or, as he did in the “sounds of silence” episode of the television series “The Twilight Zone” where as Roswell G. Flemington, he is “…two hundred and twenty pounds of gristle, lung tissue and sound decibels … a noisy man, one of a breed who substitutes volume for substance, sound for significance, and shouting to cover up the readily apparent phenomenon that he is nothing more than an overweight and aging perennial Sea Scout whose noise-making is in inverse ratio to his competence and to his character.”

How well we know these men who run our public life including the Indian Power Leagues!

THE CACOPHANY AND THE YELP OF TV

So while switching channels to avoid seeing what you might be forced to see, there comes a time when you cannot avoid seeing/hearing the ever-deniable, undeniably juicy, “details” of the misdoings of everyone one you never expected to do any good in any case.

There are these English medium channels which could have been considered to be intelligent had one not understood English. They have, in any case, so much engineered cacophony that the language of their yelps and screeches is really not important. They sound the same no matter what the topic of the discussion is. Some people who have been brought up on gentle and polite old-world household atmospheres, get into this John McGiver like expressions (Fig 2) when faced with such noise.

We tend to be bullied into nincompoopery by these channels --- especially if we are young enough to pay attention to them and be thereby softened for the advertisements.

Each of these channels has three or four of their favourite experts of seemingly different political shades of the same orthodox political base of making apolitical money, whichever way. These channels then smugly conclude that they are the custodians of free speech and offer intelligence to the disinterested on aspects that would enhance their TRP ratings in whatever way that they can. They especially abhor taking a moral stand unless it offers them an opportunity to make money.

For increasing their TRP, what is better than the Indian Premier League and their Shenanigans (things that are deceitful, underhanded, or otherwise questionable – Thesaurus)?

TRP is the root of all evil
( see “Money is the root of all evil”, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVCwBtFHVLo

If you want no income tax mister, Take it easy & relax mister, When they offer work be strong & say, Take it away, take it away, take it away
I got the one I love, I got the moon & stars above, I got my youth & my health, What do I want with wealth?)

Who wants to be a zillionaire … I do … and I do … for that’s all I want to do…

Kyprios sang

I got a bank in the Caymans
Never stay with the laymen
Pay the gods off on Sunday, Amen

We can all make money, or so one thinks. You only have to dance the way they want you to, by exposing yourself the way you have to …

Kyprios sang

O.K. man, first you make the music, then you get the money, then you get the power OK...

TEMPT ME WITH A MILLION: CORRUPT ME!

It is about resisting making money that should be important to us good old (emphasis on old and not on good) Bengali Buddhists who wouldn’t kill a snake or a mosquito. We would not even pluck a ripe mango just because we are tempted, … although one has to reach a ripe old age for that (?).

Why Buddhists? Why not? They seem to have been the first perpetrators of honesty that was so necessary as a survival philosophy. They thought they are strong enough to survive presents without hoarding for a future. It was not only Gautam, the last Buddha, but the many other earlier Buddhas of Tibet who all renounced the world at twenty eight and became enlightened under the Bodhi tree or whatever…

Why one should be enlightened, or why one should admire those who preach after their enlightenment, is not at all clear. It probably helps to spend time and sell time-pass items like tea and ale and tharra.

Animals don’t seem to seek enlightenment even instinctively. I have not seen many examples of animals gathered around and listening intently to another central figure, except perhaps once in an English country side with a bunch of seated Jersey cows listening to a central standing cow who did not have much to say actually since she was chewing fodder and looking as wise as Margaret Thatcher or Sarojini Naidu; much like any other politician ruminating out of turn from the wrong end.

ILLUSIONS OF UPPER CLASS

There are, however, images we would like to have for ourselves. Much of our undoings are due to our efforts to keep up with the Jones’s, especially those of the mundane kind who go by their Main Street (Sinclair Lewis, 1920) standards.

Sometimes we harmlessly imagine we are living a standard that we dream of. There is this 1956 movie called High Society with some of the best looking blue-eyed actors of that time, Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Grace Kelly. This was the last movie Grace Kelly acted in before she took up the Role of Princess Rainier of Monaco, which she must have done with perfection.

I saw the movie four times in three days…not for the blue eyes… but because of Louis Armstrong who had a role that was not at all relevant for the story but was relevant for Cole Porter’s music. There was this song “Now you has jazz” sung by Bing Crosby and Satchmore (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2RR9jCh8KM) with lyrics that had you jiving even by reading it. This song would “Wish to show you now, Precisely how, Jazz music is made”:-

Take some skins, Jazz begins,
Take a bass, Steady pace,
Take a box, One that rocks,
Take a blue horn New Orleans-born.
Take a stick With a lick,
Take a bone, Dixie-grown,
Take a spot, Cool and hot,
Now you has jazz jazz jazz, jazz, jazz.

No amount of mula will get you heart throb of the excitement of jazzing about like this in real space and time (at least at that time and that age when I was all of eighteen!)

The other actress in this film is Celeste Holm, who famously said,
"We live by encouragement and die without it - slowly, sadly and angrily.”

She featured as Liy in one of the songs from that movie “Who wants to be a millionaire?” with Frank Sinatra as Mike with lyrics that kept us who would not be rich rather satisfied
Who has an itch, To be filthy rich?
Who wants the bother of a country estate?
Who wants to wallow in champagne?
And have uranium to spare?
Who wants to tire of caviar?
Who wants to ride behind a liv'ried chauffeur?
And sleep through Wagner at the Met?

To which Mike and Liz would both sing
I don’t … and I don’t… 'Cause all I want is you.

That, loving and sharing, was the cheapest thing to do. Celeste Holm looked far less impressive in that film than she was in real life.

Celeste Holm’s first husband of one year, Ralph Nelson, produced a son Ted Nelson, who introduced hypertext and hyperlinks into the computer language without which www may have been perhaps as dead as a mechanical calculating machine?

Holm wouldn’t have had a Nelson if she had not played at 26 the naughty Ado Annie in the first Rodgers and Hammerstein’s play, Oklahoma!

The difference an exclamation mark makes! According to the publicists of the movie the master stroke in making the play successful was on adding the ! after Oklahoma. It seems they even wanted the exclamation mark on the Oklahoma state flag!

Would we have had Ted Nelson and his hypertexts if the exclamation mark was not there?

The more relevant question may be ‘Would Ted Nelson have been born without love?’ and did profits and divorce shape his hypertext?

The Platters would sing later
What good is a song if the words just don't belong?
And a dream must be a dream for two
No good alone, to each his own
For me there's you.

There is no doubt that the cricketers of IPL play hard and straight even if they may be reluctant at times to follow all instructions from people who make the profits.

They must love the game even if they, at times, may love the glamour they gain from it.

When you are waiting for the whistle to blow I am sure, how you won the game, but the way you played the game.

Monday, December 28, 2009

The Golden Bough, Sciencophansy and the * on a Chemist

In this sacred grove there grew a certain tree round which at any time of the day, and probably far into the night, a grim figure might be seen to prowl. In his hand he carried a drawn sword, and he kept peering warily about him as if at every instant he expected to be set upon by an enemy. He was a priest and a murderer: … A candidate for the priesthood could only succeed to office by slaying the priest, and having slain him, he retained office till he himself was slain by a stronger or craftier. … a priest who bore the title of the King of the Wood, and one of whose titles to office was the plucking of a bough --- the Golden Bough --- from a tree in the sacred grove ...
Sir James George Frazier, “The Golden Bough: A study of magic and religion.” Project Gutenburg Book

In civilized society now the priest king does not carry a knife. He surrounds himself with informers and sycophants who kill in various ways.

In Frazier’s description, The Golden Bough personified the King and had to be plucked before the priest was killed by the next murdering priest. This has been going on through the ages. In situations that we are familiar with in our environment, the slaying priest nervously plucks The Golden Bough and slowly cuts the throat, taking care to see as far as possible that the reigning priest is still smiling.

I must say that my (perhaps excessive) concern with intentionality in science in my earlier blogs is because of my awareness that, in some aspects of so-called scientific contributions, there are subjective aspects which are intrinsically wrong morally. In this blog, we will, in particular, be worried about the nature of intentionality that shape our attitudes towards the way science is done and the way scientific acclaim --- the Golden Bough --- is to be recognized in different environments. I examine in particular the societal impact that generates a scientific sycophancy (which I have termed as sciencophansy) when the priest pays scant attention to murder of the intellectual kind.

The priesthood in such cases comes from the importance of localizing a * on the priest, when he is the author of a scientific publication. The * becomes a mark of a superior “caste”. The ritual of the * is expected to be most dominant in a society with a strong caste system.

The highest Indian acclaim --- their Golden Bough --- that an Indian Scientist realistically hopes to aspire for is a Fellowship of the Royal Society of England, the erstwhile de jure “masters” of the clerical class. Our current value systems in the ruling class of science are derived from the value systems of that country.

The value systems in England must have developed during the times of great turmoil. This was the seventeenth century during the rules of Charles I and II when there was plague, fire, Cromwell’s civil war (which would influence Milton’s Paradise Lost “yet from those flames, no light but rather darkness visible”).

Thomas Browne. It is perhaps instructive to learn about the English scholar and author, Thomas Browne (1605-1682), who lived during those formative times of “modern” England that saw the first English colonization of the Hudson Bay in Canada and shaped its portals of learning, the Royal Society.

Thomas Browne grew up in the same time as Charles I (1600 -1649) with his Divine Right of Kings, mainly to marry a catholic lady in a protestant country. This forced two England civil wars between 1642 and 1649 and resulted in his trial, it would seem. The subsequent execution of Charles I emulated the beheading of his grandmother, Mary Queen of Scots. Browne then survived the stormy times of Oliver Cromwell who led the English Commonwealth (1653-1659) that briefly ended English monarchy. Browne also lived during almost the entire reign of Charles II (1660-1685).

Charles II started of by canonizing his father Charles I as St. Charles Stuart. He married and had twelve illegitimate children (Princess Diana’s would descend from one of his illegitimate sons) and no legitimate one despite four pregnancies. Charles II also survived the Great London Plague and the Great London Fire. Charles II founded the Royal Society for science, the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, was the patron of Christopher Wren who rebuilt London after the war and issued licenses to theatres that allowed females to play females roles on stage instead of boys.

It is this period of restoring paradise that shaped the best of English minds (John Milton, Isaac Newton, Christopher Wren) which in future would influence the Indian civil service and thereby set the tone for the way India administered itself and the intellectual standards they were to follow.

These standards, by themselves, were not bad for the purpose of the people of England who, armed with the knowledge of these days, were able to learn and exploit and benefit materially as well as spiritually from the great diversity of the knowledge in their colonies, and thereby verily claim leadership of the world.

Browne wrote authoritatively in several areas including medicine, religion and science.
The most quoted of his works, I suppose, is Religio Medici. Some of his quotations I use here may have reference in some context in this blog. Thomas Browne would write, for example,
It is the method of charity to suffer without reaction: those usual satires and invectives of the pulpit may perchance produce a good effect on the vulgar, whose ears are opener to rhetoric than logic;
Where I cannot satisfy my reason, I love to humour my fancy.
That there was a deluge once, seems not to me so great a miracle, as that there is not one always.
… there is surely a physiognomy, which … experienced and master mendicants observe, whereby they instantly discover a merciful aspect, and single out a face wherein they spy the signatures and marks of mercy. For there are mystically in our faces certain characters which carry in them the motto of our souls, wherein he that cannot read A B C may read our natures.

Another of his book titled “Hydriotaphia or Urne-Buriall” would be on the sepulchral (nearly fifty, probably Roman) urns found in his neighborhood Norfolk (in a field of old Walsingham) and its philosophical implications. I mention this book (see Simon Wilkins, Ed; The Works of Sir Thomas Browne) because it has some of the better and more sensitive English prose of a scholar that I have read. He was a truly global person and discernibly very erudite in his language and excited in his observations and educations.
The departed spirits know things past and to come; yet are ignorant of things present. Agamemnon foretells what should happen unto Ulysses; yet ignorantly enquires what is become of his son.

Thomas Browne would write “If we begin to die when we live, and long life be but a prolongation of death, our life is a sad composition; we live with death, and die not in a moment.” (Hydriotaphia)

Of immediate interest to us (and as an aside) is this description below.
The Indian Brachmans seemed too great friends unto fire, who burnt themselves alive, and thought it the noblest way to end their days in fire; according to the expression of the Indian, burning himself at Athens, in his last words upon the pyre unto the amazed spectators, thus I make myself immortal.

Was self-immolation some sort of self-euthanasia of the intrinsic Hindu (Indian) kind; euthanasia seems now to be a good option to terminate one’s life in westernized society, whose values systems describe what civilization is now all about? During Browne’s time India was not colonized. If self-euthanasia was allowed for the male Brahmin when they saw no reason to prolong their life would one claim that there is a gender bias when it was not allowed for women? British soldiers had not intervened in satis at the time of Browne.

I mention this part because the early Hindu experience of life and its termination seems to have been the same as that of euthanasia that has evolved later in the western world.

Fashioning of Science.

The doctor, D, in Ph. D., means a teacher, so that a Ph. D., generally means a teacher in philosophy. In the earlier European universities all academic disciplines outside theology, medicine and law were denoted as philosophy. The classical emphasis in obtaining a Ph. D. degree is a “…thesis containing original research” and not a portfolio or folder of published papers even if they are original. In the latter case the degree is sometimes called a D. Phil.or D.Sc..

The submission of a thesis (emphasis on the word “thesis”) had been taken to mean that the candidate has taken a new (emphasis on “new”) position in his intellectual proposition. This takes time and experience and a Ph. D., usually indicates “… a life dedicated to learning, to knowledge, and to the spread of knowledge” (from Wikipedia).

Ph. D., now of the popular kind no longer make new propositions. They usually submit a folder of disconnected research.

One used to require “ … considerable stamina, good health, and good mind to be a doctor of philosophy in its true sense.

This is not true any more.

There used to be something noble in being a doctor. Medical doctors took the Hippocratic Oath swearing to ethically practice medicine. The Hippocratic oath has the sentence “In every house where I come I will enter only for the good of the patients, keeping myself far from all intentional ill doing and seduction…” or something close to it. Because of this, perhaps, it is not now required in modern medical schools.

The high moral standards for a medical doctor in the classical Hippocratic Oath are, I thought, also the standards for the teacher of philosophy. Talking of standards in medicine, William Osler had said to his students “You are in this profession as a calling, not as a business; as a calling which exacts from you at every turn self-sacrifice, devotion, love and tenderness to your fellow men. Once you get down to a purely business level, your influence is gone and the true light of your life is dimmed. You must work in the missionary spirit, with a breadth of charity that raised you far above the petty jealousies of life.” (from The Quotable Osler, Silverman, Murray and Bryan Eds., Google Books).

I have always assumed that as far as the vocation of a teacher of philosophy is concerned and the title doctor is to be given, these same principles are applicable to Ph. D.s irrespective of the actual nature of the philosophy.

Their Science as Our Science.

Amar bari, tomar bari, sabar bari Naxalbari. Naxalite slogan of early 70s (my house, your house, all houses Naxal houses).

Gentle people of Bengal were much amused by the rhyme and much annoyed by the implications of the above Bengali slogan of extreme left communists from the place Naxalbari.

The Church of England has currently given rise to the Church of Democracy which would go to any conquest for the defense of true “democrats” and oppress anybody they do not perceive to be free. India is catching on. We (read NRIs) hope US of American value systems now determine ours.

Since Ronald Reagan’s time (as far as I am aware) the emphasis has been that all funding in science should be aimed at national interests or making profits. This led eventually to funding of macro science projects (Hadron collider, genome projects, Hubble telescope, and so on) while micro-science projects depended more on bureaucratic lobbying than on encouraging science derived from intrinsic intentionality. The intentionality of the scientists supported by a national or industrial policy becomes a derived intentionality so that scientific objectives have to be within the orthodox domain letting unorthodox science wither.

It is difficult to understand what one means by a scientist if one wants some starting point for intentionality. Gerard Piel, who made a great contribution to world science by reviving Scientific American, and who should know, made the comment (so it is said) “The most remarkable discovery made by scientist is science itself.” (in J. Bronowski, Magic, Science and Civilization, 1978?).

Piel probably implied that there is a career opportunity in science “…which when taken at the flood leads to fortune” of the kind that is driven by the intentionality. In this kind of science, it is rare that there will be a great originality, since the flood has been started elsewhere. When a floodgate of scientific opportunities is opened in the west, it trickles down to us after much churning around when the force has subsided and we can only wallow in shallow waters.

Tree Under-standing Syndrome.
The question “why are you standing under a tree?” in Tamil vernacular would transliterate to “why you tree under standing?”

Once when I was neatly dressed (that is very rare) because of some official reasons, I had to take shelter under a tree during the first monsoon rains. This first rain, after the summer has made you dry, is perhaps the best period of the year. Scenes of children in the monsoon rain were most adorably and unforgettably expressed in Satyajit Ray’s film, Pather Panchali.

The welcome drops of rain after summer that fall on your head during the monsoon is different from those that falls, for example, in the song “rain drops keep falling on my head”; in Butch Cassidy and Sundance kid’s country it is cold when the rain drops fall.

Tagore would write “I find in none of them (foreign verses) traces of the shade of this monsoon rain --- no sound of this dark pattering. No deep, indolent yearning, No self-immersing pain!

Without exception, almost every Indian would love to soak themselves in this monsoon rain --- except those who, like I was at that time, are in their western dresses for some formal function. Standing under the tree during this first rain, I envied some freer children of all ages romping in the rain. When the rain had stopped and I had to go to my “science” appointment, I was happy to tug at a branch of the tree and let some of the rain fall on me. I missed the flood.

Most Indian science is now like standing under-standing the tree during the first monsoon rain. One deliberately and nervously missed the excitement of the first downpour and then settled for the left-over.

This realization of “Tree Under-standing” Syndrome did not require the rain. As a young Ph. D. student I would attend science conferences (in English, of course) where scientists who gave the most impressive classroom lectures on developments in modern science were to speak. IIT, Kanpur, speakers were the most impressive with their non-English accents, western suits all “tied up” (literally and figuratively), and descriptions of results based on the “latest”, at that time (for that level) equipments they were using and the global expenditure/income on the work they were doing.

The scientists (I can only talk about chemists) would speak very impressively for 90% of their talk on the work done by others. In the last five to ten minutes of their talk they will go hurriedly through the material prepared for the full time ---displaying more than a transparency per minute to show the volume of work they had done --- and rarely had anything exciting of their own to say. At best most of them, especially the top of them all, will lament about not having electricity and power, and how just the previous day or week, somebody else had beaten them to something fabulous that was about to be published.

The key point that requires to be made in the “Tree Understanding Syndrome” is that Indian scientists, in general, would be the first to speak in India about some other scientist’s original work. They usually don’t look for science in their own backyard or in the concepts derived from their upbringing. Their intentionality is derived mainly from the Western world (wherever the west is).

“I have traveled around the world to see the rivers and the mountains… I have seen everything … but I forgot to see just outside my house a dewdrop, which reflects … the whole world around you.” Tagore’s inscription for Ray’s book.

When we take their science as our science, when we yearn for their recognition, when all our energies are reserved for an entry into their society, we may be committing ourselves to their rules and their prejudices which could rob us of our spontaneity, our intrinsic intentionality or our intrinsic genius.

This is nothing new as far as human experience goes. As Samuel Johnson had said in the beginning of his essay on a trivial subject “The Folly of Annual Retreats into the Country” “It is impossible to take a view on any side, or observe any of the various classes that form the great community of the world, without discovering the influence of example; and admitting with new conviction the observation of Aristotle that “… man is an imitative being…

But we do make ourselves objects of ridicule in most cases. It may be sufficient to some to have and justify the style of science and add to the economic advantage of a few or even a many (usually the middle class in mind or purse). But when an alien style uproots the very roots of an indigenous people it is claiming to nourish, one must pause and weigh the financial benefits by manipulation of images and speeches in virtual television realities versus the loss of bone of the back of the non-belonging people of the land, the real adivasis.

It may be difficult for a scientist to be approved for this stance. As a daughter just said to me: “Raj Thackeray will applaud and throw you out at the same time”.

Twilight Gravity
Dennett (“The Intentional Stance”, MIT Press, 1989, preface ix) has written about the attractive powers of people in the limelight which he calls Limelight Gravity: “… as one’s ideas become a Center of attention, one is invited to contribute to more and more conferences, which proceeds to suck one’s entire corpus into delayed publication in conference proceedings and spcial-interest anthologies. Nothing is left over to submit to refereed journals, for ready reading.

When your expertise, or your ambitions, or your day-dreaming takes you further away from the ultimate Prize (say, the Nobel Prize) the harder you try, then you resort to what may be called “Twilight Gravity”. This is the same as “limelight gravity” except that you become the center of attention in another way.

When you become almost sure that you will not get the limelight from a spontaneous acknowledgment of your work you resort to “twilight gravity”. You start say, by becoming a member of a Powerful Governmental committee, or become the head of a powerful academic institute; be a member of the Editorial Board of a powerful Journal; inviting important scientists of important foreign academies; be the first in your country to repeat somebody else’s original work after it has been pointed out to be important by the editor of an important journal; make special bathtubs for specially tall Nobel Laureates, say Francis Crick.

It helps tremendously for “twilight gravity” people, if one can impress honest VIPs (you can find them) who have no idea about physical sciences but will vouchsafe for the quality your science.

Usually, these scientists start their work in an area which is heralded as a new flood at conferences they visit and after protocols for the research has been established. After that they climb every mountain that has been climbed earlier since ladders are there; once they have climbed their own turret (that they call a pinnacle) they do not leave a ladder behind.

The twilight gravity scientists are those who build an empire for their security; they are very good to their “students” especially when the quality and productivity of their work depend on these students; they discourage the promotion of any talent other than their own especially when the talented person is threatening to become an independent thinker.

One suffering from “twilight gravity” does not try “… to overcome the bad side effects of that otherwise gratifying diffusion.

“Bad side effects” there are plenty and have been much discussed and dissected. All of it has been well documented; in, for example, “The Ethics of Science”, David S. Resnik, Taylor-Francis e-Library 2005. “… How can people know what to believe?” asks M. Clarke, Ethics Sci Environ Poli “… infighting about processes and ‘hyping their work to attract public attention and investment can only allow a non- or anti-scientific environment to flourish…

In Bertrand Russell’s “Religion and Science” (1961), he says “…science has nothing to say about “values. … what (great mystics of all religion) is a state of mind out of which … right conduct must ensue… .” Resnik in his “Ethics of Science” has written “If a person is already ethical when she enters the scientific profession, she will continue to be ethical; if she is not ethical when she enters science, then no amount of instruction can make her become ethical.

Is the ethical stance in one’s genes? In one’s intrinsic intentionality? As an opposing view, if scientific work is driven by derived intentionality, then is there no place for ethics? Is it the greater glory, the “twilight gravity” that finally dominates? In my reading of the lives of scientists who have contributed to concepts, the ethical stance is intrinsic and spontaneous in them (they have no time to spend on the devious).

Noting what science had done to restore paradise in 17th century England, Thomas Browne is quoted (by William Osler) to have said “No one should approach the temple of science with the soul of a money changer”.

The unethical stance is encouraged when there is considerable influence of the “stancer”.
Proximity to members of an editorial board or referees can many a time help in getting some papers published; or rejecting papers with a rival viewpoint; or even in giving priority for authorship. This would be misconduct.

Such maneuvering came out most strongly during the recent conference on Climate Change which was a global exercise on doing nothing by promising many things. The conference had as its prelude a story on leaking of hacked e-mails from the East-Anglia University’s Climatic Research Unit (CRU) which was presented in such a way as to give a first-impression of fraud and scientific misconducts on the part of CRU to exaggerate the extent of global warming. In an analysis of these emails the Pew Center of Global climate change made a few revealing statements in the process of rebutting these claims. Two of these statements are:-
a) “Scientific misconduct by the authors of the papers and/or by editors who circumvented the peer review process so as to publish inferior papers that support their own political agendas.
b) “Publisher refused to allow the chief editor to revise the peer review process to make the individual board members more accountable.

I have coined the term (for this blog) sciencophansy to imply sycophancy in science that results from the insecurity of those who are in the “twilight gravity” state. Sciencophants are those who depend on the twilight scientists for their progress (salary, dinner invitations, conference participation, international visits with “TA and DA”, committee memberships …). Sciencophants, in turn, provide fodder for run-of-the-mill publications on topical subjects for those in the “twilight gravity” state and report on those who show signs of being independent.

The innocent independent stance has sometimes grievous consequences and is well known ever since homo hierarchicus (title of Louis Dumont’s book) was established. J.C. Bose (see earlier blog) experienced such behaviour quite in his prime when he was demonstrating electric response in plants in a lecture before the Royal Society on 5th June 1901. “He was strongly assailed by Sir John Burden Sanderson, the leding physiologist, and some of his follwers. They objected to a physicist straying into the preserve specially reserved for them. … In consequence of this opposition, Dr. Bose’s paper, which was already in print, was not published but was placed in the archives of the Royal Society. … eight months after the reading of his paper, another communication found publication in the journal of a different society which was practically the same as Dr. Bose’s but without any acknowledgment. The author of this communication was a gentleman who had previously opposed him at the Royal Society. … the determined hostility and misrepresentation of one man succeeded for more than 10 years to bar all avenues of publications of his (Bose’s) discoveries.

Usually, sciencophansy is most visible in the perpetually developing nations where there is an artificial paucity of relevant things to do. Because of the derived intentionality, relevance of a scientist’s work is measured in terms of the social/economic power it yields to the individual scientist. It is not measured in terms on the contradictions he faces in his day-to-day life in terms of his science.

Hierarchy is established as purely a matter of sciencophansy. The sciencophant is a parasite of the “twilight gravity” state.

Citation Index and the * on the Chemist

In a multi-author paper, the first author used to be and still is the main contributor. In academic circles, the first author was usually a student who did the work and had to write the bulk of the paper while the last author used to be the guide who corrected the English and improved the readability besides keeping tab on the scientific aspects that are involved. In many cases when the last author was the head of the institute and/or provided the facilities for research, the last but one author was effectively the guide of the first author, who did the main guiding and writing and was deemed happy doing that. The last-but-one author rarely got any credit for the work.

One of the characteristic caste symbol in recent papers authored by chemists in particular, is the * on an author in a multi-author paper. The * indicates the author to whom the correspondence should be addressed. It should be taken as a harmless symbol signifying nothing but bureaucratic facility. It is usually taken to identify the person in charge and to whom any credit is usually given by people who decide scientific hierarchy. It then becomes a matter of caste.

Usually the *ed person is the one who lobbied and got the funding or got the paper published through his contacts. The three Nobel Laureates in Chemistry of this year (2009) made it a point to see that the * (or an indicator for the corresponding author) was against their name in papers on crystallography when they had reached an important stage in their career (usually after they headed a laboratory). Ada Yonath, whose career graph has been most admirable, had the corresponding-author-tag even in her single-author papers!

For many of us brought up on our science heroes, it seemed of poor taste to have a * to indicate your status. The important publications of our youth did not have this * to indicate a corresponding author; it usually indicated a change of address than that given in the paper.

More than fifty years earlier, in the Nature issue of 1953 there were three seminal papers on another biologically important substance, DNA. These were :-
Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids. A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
J. D. Watson and F. H. C. Crick, p737
Molecular Structure of Deoxypentose Nucleic Acids
M. H. F. Wilkins, A. R. Stokes, H. R. Wilson p 738
Molecular Configuration in Sodium Thymonucleate
Rosalind E Franklin* and R. G. Gosling (* now at Birbeck college) p 740
None of them had a * against their name to indicate corresponding address.


There are other examples of well cited papers where the * does not indicate any hierarchy but just an affiliation. Among these are
G. N. Lewis and M. Kasha “Phosphorescence and the triplet state”
Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple John P. Perdew, Kieron Burke*, Matthias Ernzerof (PRL) 1996, ~ 3000 refs
Perdew and Wang Yue, ~ 4500 cites Generalized gradient approximation
C. T. Kresge*, M. E. Leonowicz*, W. J. Roth*, J. C. Vartuli*, J. S. Beck† (ordered mesoporous molecular sieves synthesized by a liquid crystal-template mechanism; ~6500 citations.

The emphasis on the innocuous looking * as a caste mark probably gained acceptance after Garfield and Malin’s paper on “Can Nobel Prizes be Predicted?” in which they pointed out a correlation between the number of times a paper has been cited and the citations of Nobel Laureates.

I have not cared to find out how author citations are indexed now. Is it by the * or by the first author or do all authors get cited? I have always found the citation index to be extremely helpful in learning about a paper from the way tough papers have been analyzed by the authors of papers citing these tough papers. It turns out that this was what the citation index was all about.

Garfield and Malin’s paper put a different emphasis on the citation index that made it easier for non-scientific bureaucrats to judge the science in scientific work. All one had to do was to just count the citations. Getting a high citation thus became necessary. “To be a Nobel Prize winner, one must not only be able to think and to perform good science, one must be able to sell one’s ideas”, G&M said. If scientists like (Gregor) Mendel “… are being ignored, it is probably their own fault.” It is implied thereby that it is not the fault of Garfield and Malin’s analysis that outstanding work is not always well cited.

Yet there is a little catch in Garfield and Malin’s model.

G&M’s article itself begins with the key question “What are Nobel Prizes for?”1 The cited reference, 1, is “Lost Reference”. Ideas can be borrowed but reference to the ideas may be lost. Borrowed ideas can decide your impact and possibly Nobel prizes as long as you are cited and the source of the ideas obscured. It would seem that citations are not lost when the * or other caste marks are there.

G&M.s article also pointed out the many cases of authors who have had consistently high citations for their publications without being considered for a Nobel Prize. G&M noted that the number of citations does not always pick out an exceptional scientist. One of the most cited single paper between 1983 and 2002 (49,562 times!!!!) is on “A Single-Step Method of RNA Isolation by Acid Guanidinium Thiocyanate-Phenol-Chloroform Extraction” by P. Chomczynski and N. Sacchi in 1987. This paper has a * on Chomczynski to indicate his address and a superscript and 1 to indicate to whom the correspondence should be addressed. There is some consolation for ordinary mortals like us since the total citation for 34 papers by Chomczynski is 49,794 so that he has only ~ 7 citations per paper of the remaining 33. In the case of Sacchi only 48,685 citations are there for her 99 papers in 2002 although her single paper gave 49,562 citations (suggesting negative citation index for the remaining papers! Or, some error in counting).

Invention and Cunning

One cannot be an innovator or original thinker without having an element of wiliness. It has been said (R. S. Root-Bernstein in “Who Discovers and Invents” Research Technology Management, (32, 43, 1982)) “The greater a scientist’s expertise, the less likely he will be able to think for himself … expertise is not only useless to the innovator; it may be a drawback …”. I really don’t have to quote anybody for this feature of common experience.

One of my sane friends (with a rhyming surname) once recalled for me about the way a Bengali (of the derived intentionality kind) would like to proudly brag about how “chalak” his child is. Being chalak for them is to be clever when actually, in current parlance, it means cunning or wily.

Asole cheleta baro chalak
Bipod ke paas katiye chole

(really the boy is very chalak
uncertain paths he is sure to skirt)
The avoidance of unknown paths is a death knell for an inventive tag; it is usually the hallmark of the “twilight gravity” scientist.

Part of this reason must have emanated from stories in the Panchtantra in which the Fox would give practical solutions (“Scholarship is less than good sense, therefore seek intelligence”) to problems (see for example, “The Crows and the Serpent”. In Bengal these tales were better known by their Buddhist equivalent, the Jatak tales. “…they are not moral stories… they are sensible stories …”, M. Jafa, 2004). In Aesop’s fables the fox is sly or cunning as in the tale of the Fox and the Stork. In current usage the word chalak or its Hindi equivalent chalu usually mean sly or deceitful; e.g. (from the web) “…beware of chalu mallus who will teach u words which will have the opposite meaning.” See http://www.wid.msu.edu/resources/papers/pdf/WP286.pdf for a nice discussion on chalak or “Smart Woman” in Rural Bangladesh by Schuler et al.

We don’t know if being chalak is part of the accessories for being an inventor of the non-devious kind. Max Perutz, wondering why Watson, who had all the time chasing girls and playing tennis, had found the solution of DNA structure, reasoned that he had done so “… all he did in Cambridge was play tennis and chase girls. My own problem took thousands of hours of hard work, measurements, calculations. For Jim’s there was an elegant solution … because he never made the mistake of confusing hard work with hard thinking.

Or is it as the woman in Bangladesh said “Those days are gone. Nobody is “foolish” anymore. There is nothing for the ‘non-smarts.’ ”?

The Golden Bough and the Parasite.

The Golden Bough is believed to be the mistletoe, which are parasitic plants, harmful to the main tree on which it grows. The mistletoes are now found to be environmentally necessary since they are fed upon by several animals thereby encouraging biodiversity. The most powerful mistletoe grew on the most powerful plant or tree. In Europe it is the oak tree.
The idea that the life of the oak was in the mistletoe was probably suggested … by the observation that in winter the mistletoe growing on the oak remains green while the oak itself is leafless. …the oak-spirit had sought to deposit his life in the mistletoe … neither on earth nor in heaven … as the place where they are least likely to be assailed …. …the mistle toe should not be allowed to touch the ground…(or) its healing power will be gone." According to Frazier, Virgil’s interpretation of The Golden Bough is the “… mistletoe …in green with fresh leaves and twines its yellow berries about the boles, such seemed upon the shady holm-oak the leafy gold, so rusteld in the golden breeze the golden leaf ” It is probably this “Golden Bough” that the druids used to make their magic potion and into which Obelix fell to get his magic strength.

Frazier draws a parallel between the Golden Bough and divine kings whose lives were regulated by two rules. First the king’s foot could not touch the ground. He was carried on his shoulders and walked on rich tapestry laid on the ground. The second rule is that the Sun should not shine upon the divine person.

Methinks the scientist of “twilight gravity” is the mistletoe growing on a giant edifice of science as a parasite. He is important for the environment of his sciencophants, who carry him on their shoulders and not letting him touch ground or to see the light. After all, it is the sciencophants who feed off the mistletoe’s growth and distribution of largesse sucked out from the main plant. It is these science mistletoes who sometimes dominate the scientific kingdom through their contribution to the growth of the ancillary scientific equipment industry and their subscription to the tourism and hotel industry for their hierarchy generation.

The Golden Bough is only an illusion of a parasite. It does not generate an oak tree. It only generates another parasite.

The oak tree grows from its own acorn. The parasites can have their Golden Boughs.

Life is a pure flame, and we live by an invisible sun within us, A small fire sufficeth for life, great flames seemed too little after death.


The Flame Within

I heard he sang a good song, I heard he had a style
And so I came to see him and listened for a while
And there he was this young boy, stranger to my eyes,
Strumming my pain with his fingers
Singing my life with his words
Killing me softly with his songs

When we do our science only as a vocation for this life and detach ourselves from our society’s needs and rewards, it may be the best way of doing science without bias. Society may ask about our debt to them.

Several questions then arise:

Do scientists have to educate society about their work?
Should there not be a forum which is aware of your work and will address you should they need you in their without requiring compensation?
Should knowledge be a secret to be patented for profits?

Isn’t an original thought really an accident of space and time because of some privileged circumstances that is created by the whole world?

Is it sufficient to say that so and so went to the same school, studied the same subject, did the same experiments as others, but still came up with an idea which is new and gave direction from which we have profited and for which we give him, say, the Nobel prize?

What if another went to the same school, studied the same subject, did the same experiments as others, and came up with an idea or result, because of his peculiarly different situation in life, without which the said Nobel idea could not have been nucleated?

Can we not decline a Nobel prize and say “No, no, we were just living our peculiar life and one thing led to another and really any one of us could have come up with the idea, It is really not different, say, for a gardener to find accidentally the seed for Jack’s beanstalk”?

Should we learn from ending to Vedic hymns, “idam na mama” (“it is not mine”)?

Who knows whether the best of men be known, or whether there be not more remarkable persons forgot, than any that stand remembered in the known account of time. …

Oblivion is not to be hired. The greater part must be content to be as though they had not been.” Thomas Browne in Hydriotaphia

Yet the Disney song goes
If your heart is in your dreams,
No request is too extreme,
when you wish upon a star as dreamers do